Gaia's Maverick

Where Environmentalism and Capitalism Meet.

This one is rather technical and quite a long read, but there are two main take aways. Frass does give an immunity boost to the plants, and sterilising te frass does not mitigate this effect.

Frass: Immunity Boost

Full article
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/biocatalysis-and-agricultural-biotechnology

Reference

(Blakstad, et al. 2023)

Blakstad, J. I., Strimbeck, R., Poveda, J., Bones, A. M., & Kissen, R. (2023). Frass from yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) as plant fertilizer and defense priming agent. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 53, 102862-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102862

This article is behind a pay wall, no graphs to avoid IP infringements.